![]() ![]() Screen time was calculated separately for weekdays (weekd_score) and weekend days (weeken_score) by adding up the converted responses of questions (i) and (ii). For both questions, six response categories were offered and converted into the following scoring system: not at all =0, 3 h =5. Parents were asked to recall the usual duration their child watched (i) TV, videos, and DVDs, and (ii) the duration their child used the computer and game console on a normal weekday and weekend day. PROXIE HAWKINSON TVSedentary behaviours, such as watching TV or playing computer games were used as a proxy for reported sedentary time. Finally, the variable leisure time PA was calculated as 5*(weekd_h +weekd_m/60) + 2*(weeken_h + weeken_m/60) + (club_h+ club_min/60) and expressed as hours per week. How many hours (club_h) and minutes (club_m) per week the child spent doing sport in a sports club. Parents were asked how many hours (h) and minutes (m) their child spent playing outdoors on a typical weekday (weekd_h, weekd_m) and weekend day (weeken_h, weeken_m) the previous month. The variable leisure time PA was based on the "Outdoor Playtime Recall Questions". The latter also included children for whose parents answered that they did not participate in sports club activities in question 1 (no sports). All reported types of sport were classified according to their loading and categorised into: (i) moderate or high mechanical loads on the lower limbs (ballgames, gymnastics, dancing, skating, martial arts, and athletics), and (ii) no or low mechanical loads (swimming, biking and horseback riding). The variable WBE was based on the two questions 1) "Is your child a member of a sports club?" (response options: yes / no) and 2) "What kind of sport does your child do in a sports club?" If a child participated in sport club activities, four types of sport typical for each respective country and an open category to record other sports that were not listed were offered as response options. Therefore, children's WBE, leisure time PA and screen time were reported by parents using a questionnaire. In addition to the objectively measured PA, the child's parental-reported PA and sedentary behaviour were considered in our analysis. The total valid wearing time of the device was assessed and expressed as average hours per day. For each intensity level the cumulative duration was calculated in minutes per day. ![]() Methods: In 1512 preschool (2- 100-2296-4012 cpm) and MVPA (>2296 cpm) based on the cut-off values proposed by Evenson that are published by Trost et al., 2011. ![]() We investigated the joint association of PA, SB and muscle strength on SI in children. Little is known about the combined effects of these factors on bone stiffness (SI) assessed by quantitative ultrasound. Previous studies examined the isolated effect of PA, SB or muscle strength on bone health, which was usually assessed by x-ray methods, in children. Theodora Mouratidou, Yannis Pitsiladis, Paola Russo, Toomas Veidebaum, Wolfgang Ahrens, and on behalf of the IDEFICS consortiumīackground: Physical activity (PA), weight-bearing exercises (WBE) and muscle strength contribute to skeletal development, while sedentary behaviour (SB) adversely affects bone health. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activityīehaviour and muscle strength on bone stiffness in 2-10-year-old children-cross-sectional results from the IDEFICS studyĭiana Herrmann1, Christoph Buck2, Isabelle Sioen3, Yiannis Kouride4, Staffan Marild5, Dénes Molnar6, ![]()
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